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The Conserved Coronavirus Macrodomain Promotes Virulence and Suppresses the Innate Immune Response during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection

Identifieur interne : 000F32 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000F31; suivant : 000F33

The Conserved Coronavirus Macrodomain Promotes Virulence and Suppresses the Innate Immune Response during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection

Auteurs : Anthony R. Fehr [États-Unis] ; Rudragouda Channappanavar [États-Unis] ; Gytis Jankevicius [Royaume-Uni] ; Craig Fett [États-Unis] ; Jincun Zhao [États-Unis, République populaire de Chine] ; Jeremiah Athmer [États-Unis] ; David K. Meyerholz [États-Unis] ; Ivan Ahel [Royaume-Uni] ; Stanley Perlman [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : PMC:5156301

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

ABSTRACT

ADP-ribosylation is a common posttranslational modification that may have antiviral properties and impact innate immunity. To regulate this activity, macrodomain proteins enzymatically remove covalently attached ADP-ribose from protein targets. All members of the Coronavirinae, a subfamily of positive-sense RNA viruses, contain a highly conserved macrodomain within nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3). However, its function or targets during infection remain unknown. We identified several macrodomain mutations that greatly reduced nsp3’s de-ADP-ribosylation activity in vitro. Next, we created recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) strains with these mutations. These mutations led to virus attenuation and a modest reduction of viral loads in infected mice, despite normal replication in cell culture. Further, macrodomain mutant virus elicited an early, enhanced interferon (IFN), interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), and proinflammatory cytokine response in mice and in a human bronchial epithelial cell line. Using a coinfection assay, we found that inclusion of mutant virus in the inoculum protected mice from an otherwise lethal SARS-CoV infection without reducing virus loads, indicating that the changes in innate immune response were physiologically significant. In conclusion, we have established a novel function for the SARS-CoV macrodomain that implicates ADP-ribose in the regulation of the innate immune response and helps to demonstrate why this domain is conserved in CoVs.


Url:
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01721-16
PubMed: 27965448
PubMed Central: 5156301


Affiliations:


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Le document en format XML

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<term>Bronchi (immunology)</term>
<term>Bronchi (virology)</term>
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<term>Immunity, Innate</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Protein Domains</term>
<term>Viral Load</term>
<term>Virulence</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Charge virale</term>
<term>Coronavirus</term>
<term>Domaines protéiques</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Immunité innée</term>
<term>Interactions hôte-pathogène</term>
<term>Lignée cellulaire</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Protéines virales non structurales</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Virulence</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>ADP-ribosylation is a common posttranslational modification that may have antiviral properties and impact innate immunity. To regulate this activity, macrodomain proteins enzymatically remove covalently attached ADP-ribose from protein targets. All members of the
<italic>Coronavirinae</italic>
, a subfamily of positive-sense RNA viruses, contain a highly conserved macrodomain within nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3). However, its function or targets during infection remain unknown. We identified several macrodomain mutations that greatly reduced nsp3’s de-ADP-ribosylation activity
<italic>in vitro</italic>
. Next, we created recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) strains with these mutations. These mutations led to virus attenuation and a modest reduction of viral loads in infected mice, despite normal replication in cell culture. Further, macrodomain mutant virus elicited an early, enhanced interferon (IFN), interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), and proinflammatory cytokine response in mice and in a human bronchial epithelial cell line. Using a coinfection assay, we found that inclusion of mutant virus in the inoculum protected mice from an otherwise lethal SARS-CoV infection without reducing virus loads, indicating that the changes in innate immune response were physiologically significant. In conclusion, we have established a novel function for the SARS-CoV macrodomain that implicates ADP-ribose in the regulation of the innate immune response and helps to demonstrate why this domain is conserved in CoVs.</p>
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<name sortKey="Tocque, F" uniqKey="Tocque F">F Tocque</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Blangy, S" uniqKey="Blangy S">S Blangy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Campanacci, V" uniqKey="Campanacci V">V Campanacci</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coutard, B" uniqKey="Coutard B">B Coutard</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Grisel, S" uniqKey="Grisel S">S Grisel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lichiere, J" uniqKey="Lichiere J">J Lichière</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lantez, V" uniqKey="Lantez V">V Lantez</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cambillau, C" uniqKey="Cambillau C">C Cambillau</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Canard, B" uniqKey="Canard B">B Canard</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Egloff, Mp" uniqKey="Egloff M">MP Egloff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
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</TEI>
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<list>
<country>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>République populaire de Chine</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Iowa</li>
<li>Oxfordshire</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Iowa City</li>
<li>Oxford</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université d'Oxford</li>
<li>Université de l'Iowa</li>
</orgName>
</list>
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<country name="États-Unis">
<region name="Iowa">
<name sortKey="Fehr, Anthony R" sort="Fehr, Anthony R" uniqKey="Fehr A" first="Anthony R." last="Fehr">Anthony R. Fehr</name>
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<name sortKey="Athmer, Jeremiah" sort="Athmer, Jeremiah" uniqKey="Athmer J" first="Jeremiah" last="Athmer">Jeremiah Athmer</name>
<name sortKey="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" sort="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" uniqKey="Channappanavar R" first="Rudragouda" last="Channappanavar">Rudragouda Channappanavar</name>
<name sortKey="Fett, Craig" sort="Fett, Craig" uniqKey="Fett C" first="Craig" last="Fett">Craig Fett</name>
<name sortKey="Meyerholz, David K" sort="Meyerholz, David K" uniqKey="Meyerholz D" first="David K." last="Meyerholz">David K. Meyerholz</name>
<name sortKey="Perlman, Stanley" sort="Perlman, Stanley" uniqKey="Perlman S" first="Stanley" last="Perlman">Stanley Perlman</name>
<name sortKey="Zhao, Jincun" sort="Zhao, Jincun" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jincun" last="Zhao">Jincun Zhao</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni">
<region name="Angleterre">
<name sortKey="Jankevicius, Gytis" sort="Jankevicius, Gytis" uniqKey="Jankevicius G" first="Gytis" last="Jankevicius">Gytis Jankevicius</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Ahel, Ivan" sort="Ahel, Ivan" uniqKey="Ahel I" first="Ivan" last="Ahel">Ivan Ahel</name>
</country>
<country name="République populaire de Chine">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Zhao, Jincun" sort="Zhao, Jincun" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jincun" last="Zhao">Jincun Zhao</name>
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</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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